Past modals of deduction

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Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

1. Lily looked delighted. She ___ passed her exams. must have should have might have

2. I didn’t know you were going to another city yesterday. You ___ told me! might have must have should have

3. Why hasn’t Kim arrived yet? Maybe he got lost, or he ___ taken the wrong train. might have must have can’t have

4. Why are you lying to me? You ___ been ill yesterday — I saw you in the mall! must have can’t have might have

5. I don’t know exactly where they went. However, they ___ gone to Italy. must have might have can’t have

6. You ___ blocked him. Otherwise, he wouldn’t have called you. must have might have should have

7. We were watching this great action movie. You ___ come with us! must have should have might have

8. The Smiths bought a new house, but they’re unemployed. They ___ earned much recently. can’t have might have should have

9. He didn’t study anything and still passed the exam. I’m sure he ___ cheated. might have must have can’t have

10. My bike isn’t here anymore! It ___ stolen while I was in the market. can’t have been must have been might have been

Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

1. Adam ___ broken up with Susan — they were a perfect couple. might have shouldn’t have  must have

2. The detective isn’t sure that this man ___ killed the woman. might have must have can’t have

3. Alex ___ studied very hard, because she got top marks in all her exams. must have can’t have should have

4. Nobody knows exactly why he died. But we think it ___ been an accident. might have can’t have must have

5. We’ve been in this traffic jam for 20 minutes. There ___ been an accident. might have can’t have must have

6. We forgot to close the door, and the cat ___ gone. might have must have can’t have

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